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Date: April 30, 2024 Tue
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Results for dating violence
27 results foundAuthor: Cissner, Amanda B. Title: Evaluating the Mentors in Violence Prevention Program: Preventing Gender Violence on a College Campus Summary: This report presents findings from a two-year evaluation of a gender violence prevention program known as Mentors in Violence Prevention (MVP). The program was developed in 1993 at Northeastern University in Boston, Massachusetts and, in an earlier evaluation, was found to produce significant positive changes in attitudes and predicted behaviors among high school age youth. The program is based on a peer leadership model, targeting not only potential perpetrators and victims, but also seeking to empower those who might otherwise be passive bystanders to potentially violent situations. The program relies on adult staff to train youth participants (“Peer Educators”), who in turn facilitate workshops attended by larger numbers of their peers (“Workshop Participants”). This study, which was funded by the U.S. Department of Education, examines the replication of the MVP program with college fraternity and sorority members at Syracuse University. Accordingly, this study seeks to document whether the program is effective when implemented by individuals other than the original Boston-based staff, as well as whether the program can be effectively adapted for a college age population. The study includes both process and impact evaluations. The former is based on a combination of planning meeting and training session observations; interviews with program staff; and participant focus groups. The impact evaluation utilizes a quasi-experimental, pre-test/post-test survey design to measure change in the attitudes and predicted behaviors of 424 program participants, including 103 Peer Educators and 321 Workshop Participants. In addition, 396 surveys were completed by a comparison group, composed of Syracuse University fraternity and sorority members who did not participate in the program. Data provided by Syracuse University was used to estimate program impact on official reports of violence. The impact evaluation was designed to test five hypotheses: 1. Students will have less sexist attitudes after completing the MVP program. 2. Students will have an increased sense of self-efficacy—a sense that they can act to prevent gender violence—after completing the MVP program. 3. Students will attribute less sexist attitudes to their peers after completing the MVP program. 4. The impact of the MVP curriculum will be greater among Peer Educators, who receive a more intensive version of the curriculum, than among Workshop Participants. 5. Due to the limited population targeted by the MVP program, no impact is anticipated on the overall incidence of reported violence on the Syracuse University campus. Details: New York: Center for Court Innovation, 2009. 78p. Source: Internet Resource; Accessed August 10, 2010 at http://www.courtinnovation.org/_uploads/documents/MVP_evaluation.pdf Year: 2009 Country: United States URL: http://www.courtinnovation.org/_uploads/documents/MVP_evaluation.pdf Shelf Number: 119587 Keywords: Campus CrimeCrime PreventionDate RapeDating ViolenceGender ViolenceMentoringSexual Assault, College CampusesViolence Against WomenViolent Crime |
Author: Offenhauer, Priscilla Title: Teen Dating Violence: A Literature Review and Annotated Bibliography Summary: This annotated bibliography and summary of research identify significant research carried out in the decade since 1999 on the issue of dating violence among high school and middle school youth. The survey provided by the bibliography and summary covers quantitative and qualitative literature on the definition and prevalence of, as well as risk factors for, adolescent dating violence, also called teen relationship abuse. Commonly researched risk factors, correlates, or predictors of teen dating violence include demographic and community-level factors, as well as more proximate family-level, individual-level, and situational risks. Particular note is taken of longitudinal work on such factors. The survey also encompasses research on the deleterious effects of dating violence both in the context of the current relationship and in future intimate partnerships. Finally, the bibliography and summary cover the literature on the effectiveness of prevention programs and on responses to the issue of dating violence in the law and legal systems. Details: Washington, DC: Library of Congress, Federal Research Division, 2011. 91p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 11, 2011 at: http://www.ncdsv.org/images/LibraryOfCongress_TDV-AnnotateBibliography_4-2011.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: http://www.ncdsv.org/images/LibraryOfCongress_TDV-AnnotateBibliography_4-2011.pdf Shelf Number: 122367 Keywords: AdolescentsDating ViolenceIntimate Partner ViolenceViolence Against Women |
Author: Wood, Marsha Title: ‘Standing on my own two feet’: Disadvantaged Teenagers, Intimate Partner Violence and Coercive Control Summary: This report from the University of Bristol and the NSPCC represents the first UK research to focus on disadvantaged young people’s experiences of violence and control in their intimate relationships. The study builds on the authors’ previous landmark school-based research (Barter et al 2009) which provided a detailed picture of the incidence and impact of teenage partner violence on the lives of young people. However, as this research was undertaken in schools, young people no longer attending mainstream education, such as teenage mothers or pupils who had been permanently excluded, were omitted. In addition, the experiences of some disadvantaged young people, for example young people living in foster or residential care, were not adequately represented. To overcome these limitations, the NSPCC in association with the University of Bristol conducted the current research project focussing specifically on intimate partner violence in the relationships of English disadvantaged teenagers. The aims of this research were to develop a better understanding of the nature and dynamics of violence in vulnerable teenagers’ intimate relationships; to examine the impact of physical, emotional and sexual violence on young people’s well-being; and to identify appropriate responses. The study set out to explore if some disadvantaged groups experienced greater vulnerability to intimate partner violence than others, and if so, to develop a better understanding regarding the factors that may contribute to this susceptibility. The research aimed to contribute to the development of more appropriate prevention and intervention services for different groups of vulnerable young people. Details: London: National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, 2011. 114p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 4, 2011 at: http://www.nspcc.org.uk/Inform/research/findings/standing_own_two_feet_PDF_wdf84557.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.nspcc.org.uk/Inform/research/findings/standing_own_two_feet_PDF_wdf84557.pdf Shelf Number: 122985 Keywords: Dating ViolenceDomestic ViolenceIntimate Partner Violence (U.K.) |
Author: Giordano, Peggy C. Title: Dating-Specific Parenting in Adolescence and Young Adult Dating Violence Summary: Most prior studies of intimate partner violence (IPV) have relied on traditional indices of parental support, control or coercion to examine how parents influence IPV. We examine whether parental reports of adolescent dating specific attitudes and behaviors (cautioning to delay dating, imposing dating rules, questioning partner choices, and expressing gender mistrust) are associated with young adult child’s report of IPV, once traditional parent factors and other covariates are introduced. Analyses rely on data from the Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study (n=680), a four wave longitudinal study. Results indicate that each of the indices of dating-specific parenting and a composite measure of parental negativity about dating are related to later reports of intimate partner violence. With the addition of various controls, including the traditional parenting measures, “questioning partner choice” and the general composite measure remain significant predictors. Gender interactions were not significant, indicating that parents’ dating-specific attitudes and behaviors exert similar effects on young adult male and female reports of IPV. Details: Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State University The Center for Family and Demographic Research, 2012. 26p. Source: Internet Resource: 2012 Working Paper Series: Accessed July 9, 2012 at: http://papers.ccpr.ucla.edu/papers/PWP-BGSU-2012-036/PWP-BGSU-2012-036.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: http://papers.ccpr.ucla.edu/papers/PWP-BGSU-2012-036/PWP-BGSU-2012-036.pdf Shelf Number: 125524 Keywords: Dating ViolenceIntimate Partner Violence |
Author: Taylor, Bruce Title: Shifting Boundaries: Final Report on an Experimental Evaluation of a Youth Dating Violence Prevention Program in New York City Middle Schools Summary: The purpose of this multi‐level experiment was to provide high‐quality scientific evidence concerning the effectiveness of targeting a young, universal primary prevention audience with classroom‐based curricula and school‐level interventions. We randomly assigned a schoolbased intervention to 30 public middle schools in New York City, and within these schools we identified 117 sixth‐ and seventh‐grade classes (over 2,500 students) to randomly receive our interventions called Shifting Boundaries. The classroom intervention was delivered through a six‐session curriculum that emphasized the consequences for perpetrators of DV/H, state laws and penalties for DV/H, the construction of gender roles, and healthy relationships. The building‐based intervention included the use of temporary school‐based restraining orders, higher levels of faculty and security presence in areas identified through student mapping of safe/unsafe “hot spots,” and the use of posters to increase awareness and reporting of DV/H to school personnel. Our study included quantitative and qualitative data. Our quantitative surveys were implemented at baseline, immediately after the intervention and six months post‐intervention and included the following measures: Knowledge, attitudes, behavioral intentions, intentions to intervene as a bystander, peer and dating partner physical and sexual violence (experienced as a victim and/or perpetrator), sexual harassment (experienced as a victim and/or perpetrator), and other background items. Our qualitative focus groups were conducted with interventionists and students to provide rich contextual to assess intervention implementation and student change associated with the interventions. Participating students ranged in age from 10 to 15, with 53% female. Our sample was 34% Hispanic, 31% African American, 16% Asian, 13% white and 6% “other.” About 40% of our sample had prior experience with a violence prevention educational program. About half reported being in at least one dating relationship. About 20% of our sample reported having been the victim of dating violence and 66% victims of peer violence. Overall, the “building only” intervention and the “both” interventions were effective at reducing DV/H. The success of the “building only” intervention is particularly important because it can be implemented with very few extra costs to schools. However, classroom sessions alone were not effective. Finally, our focus groups confirmed that the interventions were implemented as planned and straightforward to implement, teachers liked and were supportive of the interventions, and the positive survey results related to the interventions effectiveness were confirmed. Details: Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice, 2011. 322p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 20, 2012 at https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/236175.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/236175.pdf Shelf Number: 126377 Keywords: Crime Prevention ProgramsDating ViolenceEvaluative StudiesExperimental MethodsJuvenile Victims |
Author: Sinha, Maire, ed. Title: Measuring Violence Against Women: Statistical trends Summary: For the past three decades, Federal-Provincial-Territorial (FPT) Ministers responsible for the Status of Women have shared a common vision to end violence against women in all its forms. Violence against women in Canada is a serious, pervasive problem that crosses every social boundary and affects communities across the country. It remains a significant barrier to women's equality and has devastating impacts on the lives of women, children, families and Canadian society as a whole. This report marks the third time that the FPT Status of Women Forum has worked with Statistics Canada to add to the body of evidence on gender-based violence. Assessing Violence Against Women: A Statistical Profile was released in 2002 and was followed by Measuring Violence Against Women: Statistical Trends 2006. The 2006 report expanded the analysis into new areas, presenting information on Aboriginal women and women living in Canada's territories. The current report maintains this important focus and also includes information on dating violence, violence against girls and violence that occurs outside of the intimate partner/family context. It also shows trends over time and provides data at national, provincial/territorial, and census metropolitan area levels. A study on the economic impacts of one form of violence against women, spousal violence, is also presented. We acknowledge that there is more to learn to provide a complete picture of violence against women and girls. For example, there are new and emerging issues such as cyber-violence and areas where data gaps continue to exist, such as trafficking in persons, as well as an increasing emphasis on building evidence about promising prevention and intervention practices. Ongoing research and analysis will further our understanding of the complex, gendered dimensions of violence in all its forms and how women's experiences of violence intersect with other aspects of their lives. This report was designed to reach a wide audience. It is intended to support policy and program development and decision making for governments, non-governmental organizations, service providers, academics, researchers and all others working to eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls. We are confident that as this body of knowledge continues to advance, it will promote prevention efforts and enhance responses to women and girls who experience violence in our communities. Details: Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 2013. 120p. Source: Internet Resource: Juristat Article: Accessed March 1, 2013 at: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/85-002-x/2013001/article/11766-eng.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Canada URL: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/85-002-x/2013001/article/11766-eng.pdf Shelf Number: 127741 Keywords: Dating ViolenceDomestic ViolenceFamily ViolenceIntimate Partner ViolenceRapeViolence Against Women (Canada) |
Author: Cook-Craig, Patricia Title: Youth Sexual Violence Prevention Summary: The risk of sexual violence begins early in life. Despite this, sexual violence prevention efforts have largely focused on college-age students. The need to reach younger populations fuels the momentum to adapt and design programs for sexual violence prevention work with youth. While more attention and research have been placed on college women as a group identified as at higher risk of sexual violence victimization, by the time youth enter high school they have already been exposed to a range of experiences related to both sexual activity and sexual violence. The most recent Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS), an annual nationwide schoolbased survey monitoring health risk behaviors by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, n.d.), found that in 2011, nearly half of students in grades 9-12 reported that they had engaged in sexual intercourse, with 33.7 percent having reported sexual activity within the three months prior to the survey (CDC, 2012). Not all adolescent sexual experiences are positive or consensual. Strategies to prevent sexual violence among adolescents have tended to focus on programs that can be delivered in a high school setting and this article is focused on prevention of sexual violence among high school aged adolescents (ages 14-17). The paper will explore the rates and consequences of sexual violence victimization and perpetration among adolescents. We will highlight recent trends in violence prevention strategies to address adolescent sexual violence. Finally, the paper will outline major prevention strategies currently being employed using example programs to illustrate the types of responses used in practice settings. Details: Harrisburg, PA: VAWnet, 2012. 13p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 2, 2013 at: http://www.vawnet.org/Assoc_Files_VAWnet/AR_YouthSVPrevention.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: http://www.vawnet.org/Assoc_Files_VAWnet/AR_YouthSVPrevention.pdf Shelf Number: 128195 Keywords: Adolescent Sexual ViolenceDating ViolenceRapeSexual Violence (U.S.) |
Author: Koeppel, Maria Title: Dating Safety and Victimization in Traditional and Online Relationships Summary: The technological landscape of society is changing at an extremely rapid pace (Sautter et al., 2010), with an estimated 80% of Americans having access to the internet either at home or at work in October 2010 (Strickling & Gomez, 2011). The availability and use of online dating websites has also grown exponentially during that period of time (Finkel et al., 2012), and societal perceptions of online dating have changed dramatically. During the 1990s, online dating was seen as an extremely deceptive and ineffective enterprise (Madden & Lenhart, 2006). Since then, however, online dating has become much more mainstream. While online dating has become relatively common, a large portion of Americans do not believe that the practice itself is safe (Madden & Lenhart, 2006). Using an online dating site, like any other form of social networking, requires users to put personal information about themselves on the internet. Beyond traditional concerns regarding the protection of internet users’ personal information, the safety of dating websites is additionally in question due to the relative ease with which users are able to deceive potential partners (Madden & Lenhart, 2006; Toma et al., 2008). The pervasiveness of deception in online dating has become somewhat of a cultural phenomenon, spawning both movies and an entire television series (“Catish” on MTV) dedicated to deciphering whether online partners are representing themselves accurately. There is currently an emerging body of empirical literature regarding online dating; however most of this research overlooks differences in victimization evident between this type of social interaction and its traditional counterpart (Jerin & Dolinsky, 2001). This report presents results of a study designed to investigate questions of safety and victimization experiences related to online dating versus more traditional forms of dating. Details: Huntsville, TX: Crime Victims' Institute, College of Criminal Justice, Sam Houston State University, 2013. 7p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 5, 2013 at: http://dev.cjcenter.org/_files/cvi/DatingSafety.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United States URL: http://dev.cjcenter.org/_files/cvi/DatingSafety.pdf Shelf Number: 128279 Keywords: Dating ViolenceInternet SafetyOnline DatingOnline Victimization |
Author: Longmore, Monica A. Title: Physical and Psychological Victimization, Strained Relationships, and Young Adults’ Depressive Symptoms Summary: Interpersonal violence peaks during the early adult years and may have implications for the well-being of female and male victims. Drawing on relational theory and data from the Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study (TARS) (n = 984), we examined associations between intimate partner victimization, indicators of strained relationships, and depressive symptoms. In zero-order models, we found that both physical and psychological victimization increased depressive symptoms. Including strained relationship measures attenuated the effects of physical and psychological victimization on depression. Moreover, the effect of physical victimization is significant at above average levels of respondent control, respondent jealousy, and obsessive love. The associations between both types of victimization and depressive symptoms did not differ by gender, nor were the effects of relationship strain conditional on gender. These findings contribute to our understanding of the links between victimization and well-being. Details: Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State University The Center for Family and Demographic Research, 2013. 42p. Source: Internet Resource: 2013 Working Paper Series: Accessed May 22, 2013 at: http://papers.ccpr.ucla.edu/papers/PWP-BGSU-2013-004/PWP-BGSU-2013-004.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United States URL: http://papers.ccpr.ucla.edu/papers/PWP-BGSU-2013-004/PWP-BGSU-2013-004.pdf Shelf Number: 128771 Keywords: Dating ViolenceDepressionIntimate Partner ViolencePsychological Victimization |
Author: Flood, Michael Title: LOVEBiTES: An evaluation of the LOVEBiTES and Respectful Relationships programs in a Sydney school Summary: This document reports on an evaluation of the impact among students of two violence prevention programs run by the National Association for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (NAPCAN). The evaluation centres on the LOVEBiTES program run among Year 10 students and a newly developed Respectful Relationships program run among Year 7 students. The evaluation was conducted among students who participated in these programs in a Sydney school in 2010. Students in Years 7 and 10 were surveyed before and after their participation in a thirteen- week program and a full-day workshop respectively, using a quantitative survey. This evaluation report was commissioned by NAPCAN and produced by researchers at the University of Wollongong. The "findings of this evaluation demonstrate a complex and even contradictory impact of the two programs on students. The LOVEBiTES and Respectful Relationships programs had a significant and positive impact on students’ attitudes towards domestic violence, attitudes towards gender relations, and skills in having respectful relationships. Students who participated in the two violence prevention programs showed significant improvements in their attitudes and skills in these areas. On the other hand, the programs had little or no impact on Year 7 or Year 10 students’ attitudes towards aggression and alternatives to aggression, no impact on Year 10 female students’ attitudes towards dating violence and a mixed impact on males’ attitudes, a mixed impact on Year 10 students’ perceptions of various abusive or coercive behaviours as violence, and a negative impact on Year 7 female students’ attitudes towards bullying. The unevenness of these findings suggests that LOVEBiTES (in Year 10) and the Respectful Relationships program (in Year 7) are more effective in changing students’ attitudes in some domains than in others. There are several possible reasons for this. Some of the domains of impact assessed in this evaluation may be marginal to or absent from the curriculum used with the students, whether in the one-day workshop or the 13-week program, and thus unlikely to show effects of the intervention. For example, if the curriculum is largely silent on aggression and its alternatives, then one would expect to see little or no impact from the curriculum on attitudes towards these. The findings suggest that the programs are more effective with some groups than others. For example, male students’ attitudes towards some forms of violence or abuse worsened over the course of the interventions, and Year 7 males’ attitudes towards gender relations showed no change. It may be that aspects of the curriculum are less effective at engaging with male than female students, or that males are more likely to respond than females in defensive or hostile ways to the particular teaching methods used. On the other hand, male students in the LOVEBiTES program showed significant improvements in their attitudes towards domestic violence (and female students also showed some degree of improvement). The evaluation findings may reject the general difficulties violence prevention programs face in engaging effectively with boys and young men and the fact that males enter such programs with more violence-supportive attitudes in general than females. This evaluation documents that in some instances it is males’ rather than females’ attitudes which improve and in others it is females’ rather than males’ attitudes which improve. For example, among Year 7 students in the Respectful Relationships program, females’ but not males’ attitudes towards gender relations improved over the course of the program. On the other hand, among Year 10 students in the LOVEBiTES program, this pattern was reversed, with males’ but not females’ attitudes improving. Still focusing on Year 10 students, males’ attitudes towards domestic violence improved to a greater degree than females’. Details: Wollongong: University of Wollongong, 2012. 40p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 13, 2013 at: http://www.ncdsv.org/images/UW_Love-Bites-an-evaluation-of-the-LoveBites-and-respectful-relationships-program-in-a-Sydney-school_2012.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Australia URL: http://www.ncdsv.org/images/UW_Love-Bites-an-evaluation-of-the-LoveBites-and-respectful-relationships-program-in-a-Sydney-school_2012.pdf Shelf Number: 129384 Keywords: Dating ViolenceDomestic ViolenceSchool-Based ProgramsViolence Prevention Programs (Australia) |
Author: DePrince, Anne P. Title: Preventing Revictimization in Teen Dating Relationships Summary: Revictimization refers to the occurrence of two or more instances of violence and poses an enormous criminal justice problem. Adolescent girls in the child welfare system are at high risk of revictimization in adolescence. Most interventions with teens have focused on primary prevention (that is, prevention in teens not previously exposed to violence) of physical (usually not sexual) violence. In addition, interventions have frequently targeted youth in school settings, though youth in the child welfare system experience frequent transitions in housing/care that disrupt regular attendance at a single school. Thus, child welfare youth at high risk of revictimization may not receive prevention programming as consistently as their peers. Thus, the current study compared two active interventions designed to decrease revictimization in a diverse sample of adolescent girls in the child welfare system. The interventions targeted theoretically distinct risk factors for revictimization. The social learning/feminist (SL/F) intervention focused on concepts derived from social learning and feminist models of risk, such as sexism and beliefs about relationships. The risk detection/executive function (RD/EF) intervention focused on potential disruptions in the ability to detect and respond to risky situations/people due to problems in executive function. We enrolled 180 adolescent girls involved in the child welfare system. Participants were assessed four times: pre-, immediately post-, 2-months, and 6-months after the intervention ended. Assessment procedures included a comprehensive battery of self-report and behavioral tasks designed to assess the processes implicated by the two revictimization intervention approaches. We examined revictimization (the presence/absences of sexual or physical assault in any relationship) as well as a range of aggressive conflict tactics in current dating relationships. Participants were randomized to complete the RD/EF (n=67) or SL/F intervention (n=67). A group of youth (n=42) emerged who engaged in the research assessments and not the interventions. This offered an opportunity for a post-hoc, nonrandomized comparison group. Teens in the three conditions (RD/EF, SL/F, assessment only) were comparable in terms of demographic variables examined. Adolescent girls in the RD/EF condition were nearly 5 times more likely to not report sexual revictimization over the course of the study period compared to girls in the assessment-only group. A trend suggested that girls who participated in the SL/F intervention were 2.5 times more likely to not report sexual revictimization relative to the comparison group. For physical revictimization, the odds of not being physically revictimized were 3 times greater in the SL/F condition and 2 times greater in the RD/EF condition compared to the assessment-only group. The active interventions did not differ from one another in rates of revictimization, suggesting that practitioners have at least two viable options for curricula to engage youth around revictimization prevention. Further, the groups did not differ in attendance. Adolescents attended an average of nearly 70% of sessions, suggesting both interventions were acceptable to youth. We also examined adolescent girls' ratings of physical, emotional, and sexual conflict tactics in dating relationships using a continuous measure of aggression. Across time, adolescents reported significant decreases in their own and their partners' aggressive conflict tactics; the groups did not differ from one another. As part of demonstrating that high-risk youth can be successfully engaged outside of school-based programs, we also examined participants' responses to taking part in violence-focused interviews. Drawing on systematic assessments of participants' responses to the research interviews, adolescents reported that the benefits of violence-focused interviews outweighed the costs. As evidence increasingly points to the need to screen for and address trauma as part of providing effective mental and physical healthcare, this study has implications for thinking about assessing violence exposure as a routine part of practice. Details: Final Report to the U.S. Department of Justice, 2013. 61p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 20, 2014 at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/244086.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United States URL: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/244086.pdf Shelf Number: 131994 Keywords: AdolescentsDate RapeDating ViolenceRevictimizationSexual Violence |
Author: Flood, Michael Title: Respectful Relationships Education: Violence Prevention and Respectful Relationships Education in Victorian Secondary Schools Summary: This report is intended to advance violence prevention efforts in schools in Victoria and around Australia. It is the outcome of the Violence Prevention, Intervention and Respectful Relationships Education in Victorian Secondary Schools Project, undertaken by the Victorian Health Promotion Foundation (VicHealth) on behalf of the Victorian Department of Education and Early Childhood Development (DEECD). The report is designed to achieve the following goals: - to map the violence prevention, intervention and respectful relationships programs that are currently running in Victorian government secondary schools - to identify and explore best practice in violence prevention, intervention and respectful relationships education in schools in Victoria and elsewhere - to inform the development and implementation of violence prevention and respectful relationships policy and programming in Victoria - to increase DEECD's ability to respond more effectively to queries from other government departments, the media and the general public regarding the role of schools in violence prevention and the promotion of respectful relationships. The report focuses on the prevention of forms of violence that occur in intimate and family relationships, including physical or sexual violence by boyfriends and girlfriends, intimate partners or ex-partners, family members and others. Such forms of violence may overlap, or have similarities, with other forms of violence such as bullying, homophobic violence and racist violence. However, these other forms of violence are not the focus of this report. The report does not seek to make recommendations for policies, programs or processes, but rather enhances the evidence base for respectful relationship education in schools. The report is based on a review of violence prevention programs in Victoria that occurred in two stages. Stage One (May to August 2008) aimed to identify violence prevention and respectful relationships programs currently operating in, or being delivered to, Victorian government secondary schools, as well as to distil principles of good practice in schools-based programs from the national and international literature. Stage Two (September 2008 to May 2009) involved a more detailed analysis of programs identified as good practice or 'promising practice' models, interviews with key informants and further analysis of existing research on violence prevention. Comments by key informants have been integrated into the text, but in order to protect confidentiality have not been attributed to individuals. Details: Melbourne: Victoria Department of Education and Early Childhood Development, 2009. 91p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 19, 2014 at: https://www.eduweb.vic.gov.au/edulibrary/public/stuman/wellbeing/respectful_relationships/respectful-relationships.pdf Year: 2009 Country: Australia URL: https://www.eduweb.vic.gov.au/edulibrary/public/stuman/wellbeing/respectful_relationships/respectful-relationships.pdf Shelf Number: 132072 Keywords: Dating ViolenceDomestic ViolenceFamily ViolenceIntimate Partner ViolenceSchool-Based ProgramsSexual ViolenceViolence Prevention Programs (Australia) |
Author: Williams, Damien J. Title: Mentors in Violence Prevention: Evaluation of the pilot in Scottish High Schools Summary: This report outlines evaluation findings of the pilot implementation of the Mentors in Violence Prevention programme (MVP) delivered in three Scottish high schools during the 2012-13 school year: Port Glasgow and St Stephen's High Schools in Inverclyde, and Portobello High School in Edinburgh. The project utilised a mixed methods approach to undertake a process and outcome evaluation to examine the effectiveness and acceptability of MVP from the perspective of staff, mentors, and mentees. The three primary research questions were: 1. What are pupils' attitudes towards gender violence? 2. Is the MVP programme effective at shifting these attitudes, and encouraging non-violent intervention? 3. How can the programme become more effective? Details: St. Andrews, Fife, UK: University of St. Andrews, 2013. 75p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 10, 2014 at: http://www.actiononviolence.com/sites/default/files/FINAL%20MVP%20EVALUATION%20REPORT.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.actiononviolence.com/sites/default/files/FINAL%20MVP%20EVALUATION%20REPORT.pdf Shelf Number: 75 Keywords: Crime PreventionDate RapeDating ViolenceGender ViolenceMentoringViolence Against Women |
Author: Espelage, Dorothy L. Title: Bullying, Sexual, and Dating Violence Trajectories From Early to Late Adolescence Summary: Youth aggression and bullying, sexual harassment and dating violence are widespread public health concerns that create negative consequences for victims. The present study included a longitudinal examination of the impact of family abuse and conflict, self-reported delinquency, and peer delinquency on the development of bullying perpetration, sexual harassment perpetration, and teen dating violence perpetration among a large sample of early adolescents. While a few studies have examined the co-occurrence of bullying, sexual harassment, and/or dating violence among high school students, there are no studies to date to simultaneously consider all three forms of violence using a comprehensive, developmentally-sensitive design. Quantitative self-report survey data were collected from 1162 high school students who were part of the University of Illinois Study of Bullying and Sexual Violence Study funded by the Centers for Disease Control (1U49CE001268-01; 2007-2010). Participants included in the results presented here were from four Midwestern middle schools (grades 5 - 7; three cohorts) who were followed into three high schools; 49% female; 58% African American, and 26% White. At Wave 1, students ranged in age from 10 to 15 years of age (M = 11.81; SD = 1.09). Sixty-percent of the sample was eligible for free/reduced lunch. Participants were in middle school (waves 1 - 4) during the initial Bullying and Sexual Violence Study. At waves 6 and 7, youth were in high school; and sexual harassment and teen dating violence measures were added to the survey packet. Boys reported more bully perpetration during middle school, whereas girls reported more family conflict and sibling aggression than boys. In high school, sexual harassment perpetration was higher for boys than girls. Verbal emotional abuse and physical teen dating violence perpetration was higher for girls than boys, but boys reported greater levels of sexual teen dating violence perpetration in high school. Boys reported a greater mean scale score than girls on self-reported sexual harassment perpetration during middle school. In high school, 68% of girls reported having at least one sexual harassment victimization experience compared to 55% of boys. Verbal emotional dating abuse was the most common experience for these youth, 73% of girls versus 66% of boys reported any verbal emotional abuse victimization. In addition, 64% of girls reported perpetrating verbal emotional abuse with a dating partner compared to 45% of boys. Physical teen dating violence behaviors were reported by fewer youth, but still at a high rate (35-36%). Sexual coercion victimization was reported by 23-25% girls and 13-14% of boys. Longitudinal path analyses were modeled separately for girls and boys. Consistent with the proposed theoretical model, family conflict, sibling aggression, and delinquent friends were significant predictors of bullying perpetration during middle school for girls. In high school, bully perpetration predicted sexual harassment/violence perpetration, verbal emotional abuse teen dating violence perpetration, and sexual coercive teen dating violence perpetration. Consistent with the proposed model, sibling aggression predicted bullying perpetration for boys, ike the girls model; however family conflict did not emerge as a significant predictor of bullying perpetration or delinquency. In contrast to the girls' model, sibling aggression and self-reported delinquency also predicted sexually coercive teen dating violence perpetration and verbal emotional abuse perpetration. Also, bully perpetration predicted sexual harassment/violence perpetration, verbal emotional abuse and physical teen dating violence perpetration. Thus, interventions should address exposure to family violence and include opportunities to learn healthy relationships and conflict management skills. Prevention efforts should consider developmental timing of aggression and violence. Given that bullying declines in high school, it may be necessary to shift the focus to aggression and violence as they manifest in dating and romantic relationships. Finally, there needs to be increased research attention given to sexual coercion in dating relationships in high school, especially when considering the experience of girls. Details: Urbana-Champaign, IL: University of Illinois - Urbana Champaign, 2014. 74p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 1, 2014 at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/246830.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United States URL: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/246830.pdf Shelf Number: 132576 Keywords: BullyingDating ViolenceFamily ViolenceSexual Harassment |
Author: Ricardo, Christine Title: Engaging Boys and Young Men in the Prevention of Sexual Violence: A Systematic and Global Review of Evaluated Interventions Summary: Violence against women is a widespread issue, one that exists in all cultural and socio-economic contexts. Among the various forms of violence that girls and women suffer, rape is often the least visible and least reported. In many cases, such as in dating or married relationships, rape or other forms of sexual violence may not even be recognized by social or legal norms. While the underlying causes of sexual violence are multiple and complex, among the core causes are unequal gender norms and power dynamics between men and women. Throughout the world, boys and men are largely the perpetrators of sexual violence, and girls and women are the victims. It is increasingly understood that men's use of violence is generally a learned behavior, rooted in the ways that boys and men are socialized. There is evidence that this is often at an earlier age than many of the current violence prevention and sexuality education programs target. Adolescence is a time when many boys and young men first explore and experiment with their beliefs about roles in intimate relationships, about dating dynamics and male-female interactions. Research has shown that this is also the time when intimate partner violence first starts to manifest itself, and the earlier and more often it occurs, the more it reinforces the idea that violence is a "normal" part of dating relationships (Laner 1990). A key challenge, therefore, in primary rape prevention is to intervene before the first perpetration of rape or sexual violence, and to reach boys and young men when their attitudes and beliefs about gender stereotypes and sexuality are developing. In this context, it is necessary to reach boys and young men (and girls and young women) with programs that address sexual violence before expectations, attitudes and behaviors about dating are well developed (Fay and Medway 2006). It is also necessary to challenge gender norms and sexual scripts that often underlie coercion and violence in relationships, including "those cultural norms that normalize intimate sexual violence as a 'natural' or 'exaggerated' expression of innate male sexuality" (Carmody and Carrington 2000). In addition, it is necessary to teach adolescents effective communication and problem-solving skills and to promote a culture of responsibility for preventing sexual violence (Berkowitz 2004). In recent years, there has been a significant increase in attention to programming with boys and men and the evidence base regarding what works and what does not work. Violence prevention is still an area in which there are many questions and there is a need for consolidating evidence for advocacy and practice purposes. While there are already many existing reviews of rape prevention programs with male university students and dating violence prevention programs with adolescents, these reviews have largely been limited to North American or Australian context and most often focused only on those programs published in the academic literature - not grey literature. This review is more extensive, in terms of age range (adolescents) and settings (global), and in terms of program goals and scope because it includes those programs that do not have rape prevention as primary focus, but which address underlying risk factors. Details: Washington, DC: Promundo, 2011. 72p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 2, 2014 at: http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/menandboys.pdf Year: 2011 Country: International URL: http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/menandboys.pdf Shelf Number: 132611 Keywords: Dating ViolenceGender-Based ViolenceRapeSexual AssaultSexual ViolenceViolence Against WomenViolence Prevention |
Author: Fellmeth, Gracia LT Title: Educational and skills-based interventions for preventing relationship and dating violence in adolescents and young adults (Review) Summary: Relationship and dating violence is a significant problem among adolescents and young adults. Relationship violence includes a range of violent behaviours, from verbal abuse to physical and sexual assault, and from threats to rape and murder. Currently there are many programmes in schools and universities and within community settings that aim to prevent relationship violence. It is important to establish whether these programmes work and whether they result in long-term reductions in relationship violence. This review looked at the results of 38 studies. The results showed no convincing evidence that the programmes decreased relationship violence, or that they improved participants' attitudes, behaviours and skills related to relationship violence. The results showed that participants' knowledge about relationships improved slightly following the programmes. These results should be interpreted with caution, as individual studies differed in the types of participants and interventions that they used and the ways in which changes were measured. None of the studies looked at the effect of the programmes on physical and mental health. Further studies, which follow participants for a longer period of time and which look at the relationship between attitudes, knowledge, behaviour, skills and the number of times relationship violence occurs, are required to improve our understanding of how well these programmes work. Details: Cochrane Collaboration, 2013. 83p. Source: Internet Resource: The Cochrane Database of Systematic Review2013, Issue 6: Accessed September 24, 2014 at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD004534.pub3/pdf/standard Year: 2013 Country: International URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD004534.pub3/pdf/standard Shelf Number: 133404 Keywords: Dating Violence Educational ProgramEvidence Based PracticesInterpersonal ViolenceInterventionsSchool-Based ProgramsViolence Prevention |
Author: Klein, Andrew Title: An Exploratory Study of Juvenile Orders of Protection as a Remedy for Dating Violence Summary: An increasing number of states, like New York, are expanding order of protection (OP) laws to allow teens to secure orders for dating violence without parental involvement. New York did so effective July, 2008. While there has been extensive research in regard to civil OPs involving adults for intimate partner violence, this study of all OPs taken out by New York dating violence victims in 2009 and 2010 represents the first of its kind to examine OPs involving teens for dating violence. The goal of this research is to increase our understanding of OPs by teens as a remedy for dating violence by developing a comprehensive portrait of their use in New York State. The study is both quantitative and qualitative. The quantitative portion of the study features secondary data analysis of multiple data sets, including all appropriate OPs obtained from New York Family Courts and criminal histories and police incident files from the State's Division of Criminal Justice Services. The qualitative research is based on focus groups and individual interviews with two populations of youth: 1) a statewide sample (N=122), both boys and girls, likely to be dating and exposed to dating violence but who had not necessarily used OPs (At Risk Group) and 2) a small sample of New York City young women (N=13) who have sought and/or secured Civil Orders of Protection (User Group). We find the New York law to be very much a work in progress. Even the lowest estimates of teen dating violence (9.4% physical abuse, CDC, 2012), far exceed the number of OPs (1,200) requested for dating violence in the two years of study. As the At Risk teen focus groups reveals, teens are unfamiliar with the expanded law. In addition, the User group reports substantial barriers facing teens in obtaining orders, including being labeled as "snitches" by their peers, fears that OPs would not work, and ambivalence about giving up on the abusive relationship. The data reveals that more than 90% of the petitioners were female and respondents male. While all of the victims were teens, most of the abusers were not, averaging just short of 21 years old. The majority of respondents had prior criminal histories. Most victims alleged harassment, including cyberstalking, and assaults. The relatively few female respondents more closely resembled female petitioners, than male respondents, being younger and less likely to have prior arrest histories. Police were involved in only 10 percent of the incidents that prompted the study petitions. While the majority of the teen petitioners returned to court more than once, most received only one or two temporary orders, lasting a month or so. Likely as a result of this limited duration, few respondents were charged with violating the orders. However, analysis of arrest and police incident reports, as well as new petitions taken out by study petitioners, indicated that a little more than a quarter of the respondents re-abused their victims from one to three years after the initial petition. Risk for re-abuse was associated with gender (being male), respondents having a prior criminal history, respondents being year or more older than their victims, and couples with children in common. The research suggests OPs potentially constitute an important tool for teen victims. However, given lack of police involvement, without an alternative network of supportive adults, including parents and school personnel, the expanded use of OPs for teen dating violence will remain limited. New York courts also face a challenge in accommodating teen petitioners. Details: Report to the U.S. Department of Justice, 2013. 172p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 26, 2015 at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/242131.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United States URL: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/242131.pdf Shelf Number: 129682 Keywords: CybercrimesCyberstalkingDating ViolenceOrders of ProtectionRestraining Orders |
Author: Kaufman, Angela M. Title: Familial Effects on Intimate Partner Violence Across Adolescence and Young Adulthood Summary: Research suggests family-of-origin violence is a consistent predictor of young adults' intimate partner violence (IPV). However, prior studies also demonstrate that exposure to violence does not lead in a deterministic fashion to violent behaviors in young adulthood. Given the family context entails more than whether or not abuse occurs, additional aspects of family life warrant examination. One such aspect is the quality of the parent-child relationship. Using data from the Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study (N=950), the present study examined the influence of harsh parenting and parent-child relationship quality (PCRQ) in predicting adolescents' and young adults' IPV perpetration. Results from fixed effects analyses indicate both harsh parenting and PCRQ are key independent predictors of individuals' IPV perpetration, but do not interact to produce cumulatively different risk. Harsh parenting is also found to be a significant risk factor for men's IPV perpetration, yet is not significant in the prediction of women's perpetration. Details: Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State University, The Center for Family and Demographic Research, 2015. 31p. Source: Internet Resource: Working Paper: Accessed July 8, 2015 at: https://www.bgsu.edu/content/dam/BGSU/college-of-arts-and-sciences/center-for-family-and-demographic-research/documents/working-papers/2015/Wp-2015-15-Kaufman-Familial-Effects-on-IPV-Across-Adolescence.pdf Year: 2015 Country: United States URL: https://www.bgsu.edu/content/dam/BGSU/college-of-arts-and-sciences/center-for-family-and-demographic-research/documents/working-papers/2015/Wp-2015-15-Kaufman-Familial-Effects-on-IPV-Across-Adolescence.pdf Shelf Number: 135961 Keywords: Child AbuseCycle of ViolenceDating ViolenceIntimate Partner Violence |
Author: Copp, Jennifer E. Title: Patterns, Precursors, and Consequences of Teen Dating Violence: Analyzing Gendered and Generic Pathways Summary: Objectives: Despite the general recognition of the seriousness of teen and young adult dating violence, existing research does not provide a comprehensive portrait of the ways in which gender influences the etiology and sequelae of teen dating violence and intimate partner violence in early adulthood. Using five waves of structured interview data from the Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study (TARS), this research examined gender-specific and generic (that is, applicable regardless of gender) IPV pathways to further develop both theory and applied efforts designed to have a positive impact on this serious social problem. Results: Patterns of physical violence. Life course trajectories of perpetration and victimization were examined along with early risk factors and contemporaneous circumstances associated with different patterns. Results indicated that IPV peaks during young adulthood, and suggested a somewhat later age peak for young women who participated in the study. Findings indicate further that these trajectories are linked to traditional risk factors such as parent-child relationship quality, but also to characteristics of the intimate relationships within which they occur, as indexed by reports of such dynamics as frequency of disagreements, feelings of jealousy and mistrust, and perceptions of a lack of partner validation. Harsh parenting is also identified as a risk factor for subsequent involvement in violent relationships, although its effect is conditioned on the presence of relationship-specific precursors. Examination of the patterning of IPV across this developmental period revealed greater variability than stability in the experience of partner violence, and furthermore, changes in the character and dynamics of relationships (i.e., developmental shifts in qualities of intimate relationships) corresponded to declines in IPV risk over time. Gender mistrust and the neighborhood normative climate. Longitudinal analyses were conducted examining correlates of gender mistrust, as well as the extent to which gender mistrust influenced the perpetration of relationship violence over time. The results indicated that feelings of mistrust have implications for the healthy functioning of intimate relationships by heightening the risk of IPV perpetration. Moreover, individual trajectories of gender mistrust were associated with parents' gender mistrust and a range of socioeconomic factors, but prior relationship experiences further contributed to within-individual changes in levels of mistrust across the transition to adulthood. In a separate but related investigation, neighborhood-level analyses assessed whether the neighborhood normative climate with respect to dating and attitudes about the opposite sex influenced the experience of IPV net of individual-level attitudes and beliefs. Findings revealed that neighborhood norms exert a positive influence on patterns of IPV perpetration over time, and that this effect is stronger in more disadvantaged contexts. IPV and physical and emotional well-being. Analyses of within-individual changes in emotional well-being across the study period suggest that while young women generally report higher levels of depression, IPV victimization is similarly linked to variability in men's and women's self-reports of depressive symptoms. A similar pattern of findings emerged in our analyses of self-rated health; reports of IPV (both victimization and perpetration) were associated with declines in self-rated health among men and women. A more focused analysis relying on waves 4 and 5 of the data also found that self-reports of perpetration and victimization were associated with changes in levels of anxiety across these two points in time among both male and female respondents. Implications of study. These findings suggest the utility of a longitudinal approach to partner violence as they highlight sources of continuity, as well as factors associated with variation in the experience of IPV over time. That relationship risk factors were particularly salient predictors of variation in IPV also suggests the utility of a dyadic or 'relational' approach to partner violence. Further, the lack of differential effects of risk factors on IPV for men and women provides insight to future research and theorizing on the role of gender in partner violence. Finally, the link between IPV and a broad range of attitudes and beliefs suggests that future programs may benefit from approaches targeting specific norms and attitudes, as these appear to be related to the development of healthy relationships in adolescence and young adulthood. Details: Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State University, Department of Sociology, 2015. 19p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 19, 2015 at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/249002.pdf Year: 2015 Country: United States URL: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/249002.pdf Shelf Number: 137009 Keywords: Dating ViolenceIntimate Partner Violence |
Author: Levine, Amanda Rachel Title: Coercive Control and Physical Violence at the Onset of Dating Relationships: A Prospective Longitudinal Study Summary: Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been suggested as a consequence of coercive control (CC), a pattern of demands placed on a romantic partner, threats about what will occur if the demands are not met (e.g., IPV), and surveillance to ensure that demands have been met (Dutton & Goodman, 2005). This hypothesis has yet to be examined among dating couples, and little is known about how CC and physical violence arise in dating relationships. The current study had three main objectives: (a) to determine the way in which CC and IPV change over time in newly established dating relationships, (b) to examine the influence of CC and physical violence on each other, and (c) to obtain qualitative information on individuals' own experiences with and beliefs about CC. An online survey about CC and physical violence in participants' own relationships was completed at three two-month intervals (baseline and 2- and 4-month follow-ups) by 165 women who had been dating their romantic partners for two months or less. On average, CC occurred at a rate significantly different from zero at the first time point, whereas physical violence did not, providing some support for CC as a precursor to violence. As well, CC decreased over time, suggesting that once a culture of CC had been established, tactics of CC may not need to be used as frequently. Despite many participants describing CC and intimate partner violence (IPV) as part of the same phenomenon, measurement of each of the constructs at a given time point did not significantly predict subsequent occurrences of the other construct. A common theme that emerged among participants' accounts of CC and IPV in their own relationship was the role of jealousy as a precursor to both IPV and CC. This study was one of the first to examine participants' experiences of relationship processes (such as CC and IPV) at the very beginning of a dating relationship. Results suggest that the relation between CC and IPV is quite complex, and further studies that include other related variables in the model, such as jealousy and trust, are recommended. Details: Windsor, ONT: University of Windsor, 2015. 150p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed February 9, 2016 at: http://scholar.uwindsor.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6495&context=etd Year: 2015 Country: Canada URL: http://scholar.uwindsor.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6495&context=etd Shelf Number: 137821 Keywords: Dating ViolenceIntimate Partner ViolenceViolence Against Women |
Author: Taylor, Bruce Title: Assessing Different Levels and Dosages of the Shifting Boundaries Intervention to Prevent Youth Dating Violence in New York City Middle Schools: A Randomized Control Trial Summary: In this report we present the results of an experimental evaluation based on a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a dating violence and sexual harassment (DV/H) prevention program - called the Shifting Boundaries (SB) Program. We randomly assigned 23 public middle schools in New York City to one of four treatment conditions of SB varying by dosage and saturation levels. The project includes a baseline and two follow-up surveys with 6th, 7th and 8th grade students to assess short to medium term impact on rates of DV/H. The intervention we tested had two main components. First, we had an SB classroom curriculum (SBC), covering the consequences for perpetrators of DV/H, laws and penalties for DV/H, and respectful relationships. Second, we had an SB school (building-level) (SBS) component which included the use of school-based restraining orders, higher levels of faculty and security presence in areas identified through student mapping of safe/unsafe "hot spots," and the use of posters to increase awareness and reporting of DV/H. We examined (1) the effects of saturating a school environment by providing the SB intervention to all three middle school grades compared to only two grades or one grade and (2) the effects of two dosages of SB across two years compared to one dosage of the SB intervention across one year. Participating students ranged in age from 10 to 15, with a nearly 50% split between boys and girls. Our sample was 26% Hispanic, 37% African American, 16% Asian, 14% White and 7% "other." Over 40% of the sample had prior experience with a violence prevention educational program. Nearly half reported at least one experience of being in a dating relationship. At baseline, about one in five respondents reported having ever been the victim of any physical dating violence, with a similar number reporting perpetrating any physical dating violence. One in ten respondents reported having been the victim of any sexual dating violence ever (6.4% for perpetration of this act). Almost 60% of the sample reported having ever been the victim of any physical peer violence at some point in time (45% perpetration), and 18.1% were ever the victim of sexual peer violence (8% perpetration). Also, 49% reported experiencing sexual harassment (SH) at some point in time (23% perpetration). Our overall results indicate that providing the SB treatment to only one grade level in middle school does just as well in terms of peer violence and dating violence outcomes as a more saturated process of treating multiple grades. At both the 6-month and the 12-month assessments, however, there was evidence that additional saturation beyond one grade is associated with reductions in sexual harassment victimization. Schools that delivered SB to both 6th and 7th graders (compared to just 6th graders) showed reductions SH victimization reports at 6 months post treatment, an effect that was still significant at the 12-month assessment. Also at 12 months post treatment, schools that delivered SB to all middle school grades (6th - 8th) showed reductions in self-report of SH victimization. However, we also found that greater saturation of the SB program (delivered to 6th & 7th graders or to all three grades levels) was unexpectedly associated with more reported perpetration of sexual violence against peers at 12 month post treatment compared to the 6th grade only group, a finding in contrast with the additional borderline statistically significant findings (p<.10) at the 6-month assessment suggesting that receiving SB saturation for two grades rather than only one was associated with reduced frequency of peer physical victimization frequency and peer sexual violence perpetration. There were no results indicating that offering the SB program to a grade of students in two successive years (the 6th grade longitudinal design) resulted in statistically differential effects (p <.05) compared to a one-time dosage of SB in 6th grade. However, one borderline (p <.10) statistically significant effect (SB program delivered to 6th graders in year 1 and again to the same students, as 7th graders, in year 2 was associated with less SH victimization frequency compared to the 6th grade only intervention) highlights the potential potency of multiple dosages of the SB program for SH prevention work. These results largely support a minimalistic approach, in that SB effectiveness for peer and DV/H outcomes may be achieved by delivery to only one grade level in middle schools. However, taking these results in the context of our earlier work (NYC-1), there is a rationale for considering saturated delivery of the school wide (SBS) component of SB. In earlier research, SBS was effective at reducing DV/H outcome independent of the classroom curriculum (SBC). Because the SBS program can be introduced to an entire middle school at low-cost, and our current research shows positive effects of exposing more than just a single grade to the SB program, these results taken together suggest policy and administrative consideration of a saturated delivery of the SBS program. Details: Final report to the U.S. National Institute of Justice, 2015. 77p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 12, 2016 at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/249587.pdf?ed2f26df2d9c416fbddddd2330a778c6=kvbjxsxivv-kxvljjsv Year: 2015 Country: United States URL: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/249587.pdf?ed2f26df2d9c416fbddddd2330a778c6=kvbjxsxivv-kxvljjsv Shelf Number: 138207 Keywords: Dating ViolenceSexual HarassmentTeen Dating ViolenceViolence Against Women, Girls |
Author: Goncy, Elizabeth A. Title: Teen Dating Violence Victimization in an Urban Sample of Early Adolescents: Measurement, Prevalence, Trajectories, and Consequences Summary: Objective A critical period for the emergence of adolescent dating aggression (DA, also referred to as teen dating violence) and victimization that has received little attention is early adolescence. Key aims include evaluating methods to improve measurement of DA, estimating prevalence at this age, identifying profiles and trajectories of DA victimization, and linking DA victimization to DA perpetration, risk factors, and mental health. This project involved secondary analysis of a five-year project (the VCU-YVPC) that collected data on youth violence and associated risk factors as part of an evaluation of violence prevention efforts. Data were collected quarterly across middle school, which should provide a stronger foundation for examining patterns of change in DA victimization across middle school. Only youth with a boyfriend or girlfriend in the past three months during at least one wave (n = 1410 of 1795) were included. Results Measurement. A two-factor model of DA perpetration and victimization was preferred over a model differentiating between forms (i.e., physical, psychological). Better fitting models occurred when treating items as ordered categorical, as opposed to continuous, which accounts for item severity and frequency. Strong measurement invariance was demonstrated by sex (boys, girls), grade (sixth, seventh, eighth), time of assessment, and longitudinally across middle school. Test of construct validity indicated that DA perpetration and victimization were distinct constructs from general aggression and victimization. Prevalence and Typologies. Approximately 40% reported perpetrating at least one act of DA and almost 50% reported experiencing one act of DA victimization in the past three months. Youth were classified in one of five different typologies of DA using latent class analysis. These included Uninvolved (54.6%), Victims (8.3%), Aggressors (9.7%), Aggressive Victims (5.4%), and Psychologically Aggressive Victims (22.0%). Sex differences included greater perpetration among girls, with boys more likely victimized. Typologies Relations to Risk Factors and Mental Health. Both adolescents physically and psychologically aggressive in dating relationships, as well as primarily victimized dating adolescents, were physically aggressive in other domains. Minimal differences across delinquency and no differences for substance use existed for youth classified in different typologies. Adolescents classified in typologies representative of any victimization reported more trauma-related distress symptoms, even if they were also aggressive. All findings remained significant after controlling for the potential impact of a violence prevention program, as well as witnessing and experiencing violence in their communities and with peers. Trajectories. Examination of the patterns of change for DA across middle school suggested a linear slope model best fit the data for both victimization and perpetration. Specifically, adolescents with higher initial levels decreased over time, whereas adolescents with lower initial levels increased over time. Sex was significantly related to both the intercept and slope of both DA victimization and perpetration. On average, boys reported higher initial levels of victimization but a greater decline across middle school compared to girls. For perpetration, girls reported both a higher initial level and a greater increase across middle school compared to boys who declined in perpetration across middle school. Implications Early adolescence is a unique developmental period with significant changes occurring, including the initiation of dating relationships. This age marks a critical period for teaching healthy relationships skills that may reduce negative relationship behavior, such as DA. This is particularly important as early relationship violence is a significant predictor in understanding intimate partner violence in later adolescence and adulthood. First, this project provided evidence for improving measurement of DA that may be extrapolated for older populations. Specifically, measurement may be improved by using analytic approaches that account for the severity and frequency of specific acts rather than treating all items as equal contributors. Further, many early adolescent are involved in dating relationships marred by either DA perpetration or victimization, with a quarter engaged in more serious, physical forms of DA as perpetrators or victims. Longitudinal results demonstrated an increasing trajectory of victimization and perpetration, particularly for girls, across middle school. Prevention and intervention programs that do not start until after middle school may miss a critical window. Early programming may result in lessening the perpetuation of DA to reduce the burden of the criminal justice system in combatting and prosecuting later domestic violence. Finally, the relation of DA to mental health also underscores the need for programming to address a variety of issues during early adolescence. Details: Richmond, VA: Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 2016. 22p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 22, 2016 at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/250291.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United States URL: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/250291.pdf Shelf Number: 140248 Keywords: Crime Trajectories Dating ViolenceTeen Dating Violence |
Author: Reppucci, N. Dickon Title: A Review of the Findings from Project D.A.T.E.: Risky Relationships and Teen Dating Violence Among At-Risk Adolescents Summary: Statement of Purpose: Teen dating violence is linked to numerous longstanding consequences, such as delinquency, risky sexual behavior, and adult partner violence. Thus, research exploring adolescents' trajectories into and out of violent relationships is important for developing effective prevention and intervention programs to promote healthy teen relationships. Prior research has generally been restricted to normative, school-based samples that may not capture the unique experiences of youth who are already most likely to experience negative relationship outcomes. The purpose of Project D.A.T.E. (Demand Appreciation, Trust, and Equality) was to address gaps in current research by focusing on romantic relationship experiences among at-risk adolescents. Goals and Objectives: We investigated risk and protective factors related to teen dating violence and positive relationship outcomes within a single relationship and across multiple relationships. We also explored how early abusive relationships impact trajectories into later abusive relationships, and how age gaps between romantic partners might contribute to victimization and other negative outcomes. Participants. Participants included 223 adolescents (58% female, 61% African-American) who (1) were between 13 and 18 years old, (2) answered yes to "Have you ever 'dated someone' or been in a romantic relationship that lasted at least 1 month?", and (3) received community-based services (e.g., foster care, alternative schooling) or low-income services (e.g., free or reduced lunch, low-income housing). Methods. Participants completed two waves of two-hour, in-person, self-report interviews that took place about a year apart. In each interview, participants answered questions about socio-demographics, family, and schooling. Most of the interview, however, addressed issues of abuse, intimacy, and health within up to three romantic relationships (thus, up to six relationships total across two waves of data collection). We used assessments shown to be valid and reliable for adolescents. Results: Teens in our at-risk sample reported high levels of dating abuse, risky sexual behavior, and deviance within their romantic relationships. Abuse victimization and perpetration were highly correlated, with patterns largely the same for boys and girls, suggesting reciprocal or "common couple" violence rather than one-sided intimate terrorism. Risk factors for dating violence were similar whether considering single or multiple relationships. However, dynamic risk factors (e.g., depression, peer delinquency) appeared to be more powerful than historical factors (e.g., sexual debut, child maltreatment). Relationship-specific risk factors like dyadic deviancy and intimacy related significantly to dating violence, indicating that teens may view abusive relationships as serious and committed. In addition, dating abuse by partners and toward partners was relatively stable across time. For most teens, experiencing abuse in their first ever romantic relationship placed them at great risk for a trajectory of future abuse. Finally, age gaps between partners were related to negative outcomes regardless of the younger partner's age or gender. This link between partner age gaps and poor outcomes was best explained by older and younger partners’ risky lifestyles, not power inequalities within the relationship. Conclusions: Low-income, service-receiving adolescents showed high rates of abuse in their earliest relationships, and then continued to be significantly at risk for abuse in subsequent relationships—despite describing these relationships as positive in many ways. Thus, there is a clear need for prevention and intervention efforts targeting such at-risk youth that focus more on relationship quality than simply the presence or absence of abuse. Initial Project D.A.T.E. results suggest that future research needs to investigate the context of teen dating violence (events before and after, whether a partner was frightened, etc.) to understand how youth perceive these relationships. A nuanced understanding of the context of abuse is crucial since youth are unlikely to seek help if their perceptions of "dating violence" diverge from definitions used by service providers and law enforcement. Details: Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia, 2013. 237p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 23, 2016 at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/243170.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United States URL: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/243170.pdf Shelf Number: 147807 Keywords: At-Risk YouthDate RapeDating ViolenceTeen Dating Violence |
Author: Livingston, Jennifer A. Title: Developmental Pathways of Teen Dating Violence in a High-Risk Sample. Summary report Summary: Objectives: This research examined the roles of parental psychopathology, marital conflict and parenting behaviors in the development of teen dating violence (TDV) among a sample of adolescents at high risk for aggressive behavior due to parental alcohol problems. The research had two aims: (1) to examine the developmental pathways to TDV in late adolescence from early childhood risk factors (i.e., parental psychopathology and marital conflict); and (2) examine the association of proximal risk and protective factors in early adolescence to TDV involvement in late adolescence. Two analytical models were tested in pursuit of these aims. Method: Adolescents (M=17.68 years of age) who had been participating, along with their parents, in a longitudinal study of the effects of parental alcohol problems on child development completed an additional wave of survey data in 11-12th grades. Families (N=227) were recruited from county birth records when the child was 12 months of age and had been previously assessed at 12-, 18-, 24-, 36-months, kindergarten, 4th, 6th, and 8th grades. For the current wave of data collection, adolescent participants (n=185) used computer–assisted interviewing to complete questionnaires assessing their individual characteristics, family and peer relationships, substance use, dating behaviors and involvement in TDV as a victim or perpetrator. Data from previous time points beginning at 12 months were used to predict involvement in TDV. Results: Etiology of TDV. Based on prior research and developmental theory, two potential pathways through which parental alcohol problems in infancy may contribute to aggression and adolescent involvement in TDV were examined: a direct pathway from marital conflict and an indirect pathway via parenting behavior and self-regulation. Results indicated that marital conflict in infancy and early childhood did not directly predict TDV in adolescence; however, there was an indirect association through poor self-regulation in middle childhood which in turn contributed to early adolescent aggression and ultimately, TDV in late adolescence. There was also support for indirect pathways from maternal depression and paternal antisocial behavior in infancy to TDV in adolescence through childhood and adolescent aggression, and from paternal alcohol problems in infancy via lower maternal warmth which contributed to lower child selfregulation in the preschool years and aggressive behavior across childhood and early adolescence. In addition, fathers’ antisocial behavior was associated with high sibling problems in middle childhood, which was a unique predictor of TDV in late adolescence. Maternal warmth as a moderator between exposure to marital conflict and TDV. A second model examined whether positive parenting in early adolescence could protect against TDV in late adolescence among youth exposed to high marital conflict. Results indicated that maternal acceptance in early adolescence moderated the relationship between exposure to marital conflict in early adolescence and TDV involvement in late adolescence, with the combination of low maternal acceptance and high conflict exposure in early adolescence predicting the highest rates of TDV in late adolescence. Implications: Parental psychopathology and marital conflict in infancy set the stage for a cascade of negative developmental outcomes that contribute to the development of aggression and TDV. Parenting behaviors, particularly maternal warmth, can be protective against TDV by promoting self-regulation. Mothers with alcoholic partners tend to exhibit lower warmth and sensitivity towards their children than those in nonalcoholic families, underscoring the need for members of alcoholic families to receive support and intervention. Intervening with families of young children who have been referred for domestic violence and/or substance abuse issues to promote positive parenting and conflict management may be an important step towards breaking the intergenerational cycle of violence. Details: Buffalo: University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Research Institute on Addictions, 2016. 28p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 28, 2017 at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/250213.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United States URL: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/250213.pdf Shelf Number: 147294 Keywords: At-Risk Youthcycle of ViolenceDating ViolenceTeen Dating Violence |
Author: Ybarra, Michele Title: Intimate Partner Digital Abuse Summary: Digital tools are often an integral part of healthy romantic relationships. Romantic partners frequently use digital tools to connect with each other through text messages, photo-sharing, social media posts, and other online activities. These same digital tools can be used in unhealthy ways, facilitating negative behaviors such as monitoring, unwanted picture sharing, and abusive messages — both within the romantic relationship and after the relationship is over. Better understanding how often intimate partner digital abuse is happening, to whom, and in what ways are critical pieces to understanding the scope of the problem. This report, part of a series of research reports on digital harassment and abuse, examines the prevalence and impact of intimate partner digital abuse. Findings are based upon the results of a nationally representative survey of 3,002 Americans 15 years of age and older conducted from May 17th through July 31st, 2016. Respondents were surveyed on either their landline or cell phone. Interviews were conducted in either English or Spanish. Findings in this report refer to the 2,810 respondents who have ever been in a romantic relationship. 12% of respondents who have ever been in a romantic relationship have experienced intimate partner digital abuse In order to examine the types of intimate partner digital abuse that respondents have experienced, we asked about 10 different types of online harassment and abuse. Experiences included being monitored online or by phone, being purposefully embarrassed online, being called offensive names, and being stalked. Because they could be perpetrated by anyone, those who said they had these experiences were then asked who the perpetrator was. Respondents who said they were targeted by a current or former romantic partner are said to have experienced intimate partner digital abuse. Overall, one in eight (12%) respondents who have ever had a romantic partner have been digitally harassed by a romantic partner in at least one of the 10 ways we asked about. These experiences were more common among particular individuals: • Three times as many younger people (22%) as those who were 30 years or older (8%) reported being digitally harassed by a current or former romantic partner. • 38% of individuals who identified as LGB have experienced intimate partner digital abuse, compared with 10% of heterosexual individuals. • More than two times as many divorced/separated (19%) and never married (18%) adults were digitally abused by a current or former romantic partner than people who were married/living with their partner (7%). Men and women experience intimate partner digital abuse at equal rates 12% of men have been targeted by a current or former romantic partner, as have 12% of women. This similarity in rates for men and women holds true for each of the different types of abuse we asked about. More victims with a history of intimate partner digital abuse experience personal or professional harms as a result of the abuse, compared with victims who have been targeted by other types of perpetrators Although we do not know whether this was a direct result of the intimate partner digital abuse or other digital harassment experiences perpetrated by non-romantic partners, more people who were targeted online by current or former romantic partners at some point in their lives reported harms as a result of online abuse compared to victims who were targeted by other types of perpetrators (e.g. friends, family, or strangers). Compared to almost one quarter (23%) of victims who had non-romantic partner perpetrators, more than three-quarters (77%) of victims with a history of intimate partner digital abuse experienced a personal or professional harm as a result of the abuse. Additionally, more victims who were targeted by an intimate partner said their reputation had been damaged (28%) or they had to shut down an online account or profile (25%) as a result of their digital abuse experiences compared to victims who were targeted by other types of perpetrators (8% and 11%, respectively). 77% of victims of intimate partner digital abuse have used at least one protective strategy; one in six have gotten a restraining order or protection order as a result of their digital abuse experiences The vast majority (77%) of victims of intimate partner digital abuse have taken some sort of protective action in response to their abusive experiences online, such as changing their contact information; reaching out to friends, family, or official sources of support; or withdrawing from communication platforms altogether — although we cannot say for sure whether these actions were taken as a result of digital abuse from their romantic partner or due to harassment from some other perpetrator. The most common protective strategy used by victims of intimate partner digital abuse was changing their phone number or email address (41%). In terms of seeking external support or protection, 16% have gotten a protection order or restraining order Details: New York: Data & Society Research Institute; San Clemente, CA: Center for Innovative Public health Research, 2017. 26p. Source: Internet Resource: Report 01.18.17: Accessed March 3, 2017 at: https://datasociety.net/pubs/oh/Intimate_Partner_Digital_Abuse_2017.pdf Year: 2017 Country: United States URL: https://datasociety.net/pubs/oh/Intimate_Partner_Digital_Abuse_2017.pdf Shelf Number: 141321 Keywords: Dating ViolenceInternet CrimesIntimate Partner ViolenceOnline CommunicationsOnline VictimizationSocial Media |
Author: Taylor, Bruce Title: The National Survey of Teen Relationships and Intimate Violence (STRIV) Summary: The purpose of this project, the national Survey of Teen Relationships and Intimate Violence (STRiV), was to build the field's understanding of adolescent dating relationships, particularly those marked by adolescent relationship abuse (ARA). While definitions vary across the literature, for the purposes of this study we define ARA as physical, emotional, verbal, psychological, or sexual abuse perpetrated by an adolescent against another adolescent with whom they are in a dating/romantic relationship . The situational venue may be in person or via electronic means, in both public and private spaces, between current or past dating partners. More specifically, this study was designed to produce nationally representative estimates of the prevalence of different forms of ARA among youth (ages 12-18), to document the characteristics of abusive relationships during adolescence, to assess ARA risk factors, and to situate these estimates within the environment of adolescents' key social relationships and communications. Based on STRiV data (late 2013), we developed a national portrait of the prevalence of varying categories of ARA victimization and perpetration, including levels of physical and emotional injury, and assessed how exposure to these forms of ARA vary by gender, age and other key demographic characteristics. We also identified specific conditional attitudes and dating relationship characteristics associated with ARA risk, and determined whether these pathways were uniquely gendered. Overall, with additional data collection underway under a second NIJ grant (2014-VA-CX-0065 - Longitudinal Follow-up in the National Survey for Teen Relationships and Violence), we continue to work toward our project goal to provide the necessary data to help the field understand and prevent ARA, with ongoing analyses of the STRiV data regarding ARA risk factors that provide opportunities for ARA prevention efforts sensitive to gender, developmental, and other characteristics. In this summary, we present the results from five papers (three published papers and two more under review). Details: Chicago: NORC at the University of Chicago, 2016. 18p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 18, 2017 at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/250292.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United States URL: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/250292.pdf Shelf Number: 147380 Keywords: Dating ViolenceIntimate Partner ViolenceTeen Dating Violence |
Author: McDonnell, Karen A. Title: An Evaluation of the National Domestic Violence Hotline and and loveisrespect. A report from the Accomplishments of the Domestic Violence Hotline, Online Connections, and Text Project Summary: Hotlines and help lines for victims/survivors of domestic violence (DV) are an integral approach for providing intervention and prevention services; however, the evaluation of these programs is nascent. The National Domestic Violence Hotline (The Hotline) and loveisrespect (LIR; the help line targeted towards young people) provide information and assistance to adult and youth victims/survivors of domestic or dating violence, their friends and families, service providers, and others, including batterers/abusers. They do this via 24-hour, national, toll-free, and confidential telephone hotlines, online chat, text messaging services, and websites. Highly-trained advocates provide crisis intervention and emotional support; information about national, state, and community resources; and nationwide referrals to services to those who contact The Hotline and LIR ("contactors"). Details: Washington, DC: Administration for Children & Families, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2018. 84p. Source: Internet Resource: OPRE Report 2018-117: Accessed February 7, 2019 at: https://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/opre/advhocat_frd_report_to_opre_111918_508_compliant.pdf Year: 2018 Country: United States URL: https://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/opre/advhocat_frd_report_to_opre_111918_508_compliant.pdf Shelf Number: 154510 Keywords: Dating ViolenceDomestic Violence Family Violence Hotlines and Helplines Intimate Partner Violence Victim Services |